The+Emergence+of+Industrial+Society+in+the+West,+1750+-+1914

**__ The Atlantic Revolutions __**


American Revolution French Revolution Haitian Revolution Venezuelan Revolution

(Worksheets)

//**Revolutions Essay**//- Compare the French Revolutioin with the Haitian or Venezuelan Revolution. Causes + Outcomes

Though the causes for the up rise of both the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution were different, the outcomes turned out to be extremely similar to one another. As the French Revolution was caused by a social inequality, the Haitian Revolution was caused by the fundamental imbalance in Haitian Society; however the outcome of both revolutions were the granting of great freedoms to many people, even if some were only temporary. Due to a social inequality in France, and a great dept from the Seven Years War the French Revolution broke out soon after King Louis XVI called for a meeting of the Estates-General. The people of France were classified in one of three ways; they were either part of the nobility-highest and wealthiest people in society-, clergy, or the “Third Estates” which was everyone else. This social inequality created a flawed system and led to the creation of the National Assembly in June 1789. With a slave population of 90 percent, the slave population decided to no longer be oppressed being deprived economically in a system that produced such great wealth. The major goal of the revolution was for the abolishment of slavery After two vigorous revolutions both the French and the Haitians achieved astounding goals. Slavery was banned in both France and in Haiti, women’s rights progressed immensely in France, and the first successful abolishment of slavery in Haiti served as an example and led to an anti-slavery movement in Europe. The causes may have been different, but the outcome of both the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution left an enormous impact in the world and set the foundation and served as an example for later movements and revolutions.

Notes pg 521-527: **__The Consolidation of the Industrial Order, 1850-1914__**

MI -For the first time in history more than the minority of the population lived in cities, the birth rate exceeded the death rate, and the world was becoming industrialized.
 * Parks, museums, etc. were added to further highlight city life
 * Effective regulations on food and housing facilities, and a more effective police force made the population safe.
 * Crime rates went down to a stable level.
 * Life was becoming more peaceful and controllable compared to previous times.

__**Adjustments to Industrial Life**__

MI- ﻿Traditional family life and values changed during this time to fit an Industrial life.
 * Population level became stable
 * Low birth and death rates
 * Children no longer viewed as workers to help family economy
 * Health increased, children hygiene increased, and people could afford more amenities.
 * Discovery of germs in 1880s by Louis Paster, bettered peoples health. Children lived longer
 * Women outlived men but mens health still improved.
 * Organizations and businesses doubled between 1860-1873
 * Labor movements began by workers in 1890s : massive strike movement by miners, metal workers, and other by United States to Germany.
 * Peasent protests declined. Peasents able to send their children to school

__**Political Trends and the Rise of New Nations**__

MI - Politics changed immensely, issues from several decades had been solved in one generation.
 * Western leaders tried to reduce political revolutions after 1850.
 * Benjamin Disraeli (conservative British leader) initiated the granting to vote for middle-class men in 1867
 * Camilo di Cavour (Italy) supported industrial development and extend the powers of parliament
 * Otto Bismark (Prussian prime minister) worked with parliament to extend vote to all men,
 * New conservatives began to use nationalism to win support for existing social order.
 * Liberals continued to defend nationalists causes.
 * Pope and catholic church lost power in western politics.
 * Nations using nationalism for war, and imperialism
 * American Civil War 1861-1865
 * Almost all western nations now had parliamentary systems usually democracies of some sort.
 * Religion and freedom widely protected.
 * **Transformismo** or transformism - parliamentary deputies, no matter what platforms they professed, were transformed once in Rome to a single-minded pursuit of political office and the support of the status quo.


 * The Social Question and New Government Function**

MI - In the 1870s a new set of political movements emerged
 * Government function and personnel expanded rapidly through western world in 1870.
 * Civil service exams were introduced to test applicants on talent not connections or birth alone
 * Imitating Chinese innovations over a thousand years before.
 * Growing bureaucracy government did more
 * Inspection of factory safety, hospital conditions, and even personal travel. (through passports)
 * Schooling expanded, important for work skills and future political loyalty
 * By 1900 90-95% of all Americans and Western Europeans could read.
 * Schools carefully insured nationalism, teaching the superiority of the nations language and history as well as attacking minority or immigrant cultures.
 * Constitutional issues were replaced by social issues in the late 19th century - social question - key criteria for political partisanship.
 * socialist and feminist movements rose.
 * Revisionism movement claimed Marx was wrong and that sucess could be achieved by peaceful democratic means

__**Summary**__: As the world progressed people more people lived in cities and new discoveries were made, politics changed and movements arose. Life adjusted to Industrialization and Imperialism became huge the world over. The West became for the most part a symbol for democracy. Nationalism gained the support of people to go as far as war to obtain something. A new world came into-being, the Industrial Order from 1850-1914.