Middle+East

**Identity and the Middle East**

 * Using your definitions of identity created yesterday map out the identity of the Middle East. Use Bubbl.us to complete this and take a screen shot of your chart. Upload toit to your wiki
 * Share your identity chart with a partner. What commonalities do you have? What differences?
 * Now go to the following website: TeachMidEast: An education initiative of the Middle East policy Council
 * Jigsaw headings in 5 groups. Use a google Doc to identify main idea, 2 important ideas and any questions comments. Post the google doc link (make sure it's open to the public) on the discussion page of my wiki.
 * Now reflect on your identity chart on the Middle East. What did you get right? What did you get wrong? Why was this?

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Things I got Right.
 * I put in most countries correctly that are a part of the middle east.
 * All come from Islamic faith.
 * Unstable governments, for the most part.

Things I got Wrong
 * Arabic is not the only language. Its Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish, Persia.
 * Although there may be radicals, it is wrong to characterize the whole middle east as radicals or Muslims.
 * What type of government it is.

Middle East Article Notes: Main Idea - The Middle East is a very controversial topic with many different definitions and associations and is up to debate on which one is correct.

Commonly accepted countries in the Middle East include:


 * Bahrain
 * Egypt
 * Iran
 * Iraq
 * Israel
 * Jordan
 * Kuwait
 * Lebanon
 * Oman
 * The Palestinian Territories
 * Qatar
 * Saudi Arabia
 * Syria
 * United Arab Emirates
 * Yemen

Even though parts of Africa are considered part of the Middle East by most its debatable on what exactly is the Middle East.

Main Idea - The Middle East is the term for a region consisting of countries in southwest Asian and usually at least part of North Africa.


 * Why is it called the Middle East?
 * East of what? In the Middle of what?
 * What are the characteristics of the Middle East and how do you classify who is in it?


 * Summary:** There is much controversy surrounding the definition of the middle east and exactly how to define it. The Middle East is the term for a region consisting of countries in southwest Asian and usually parts of North Africa. It consists of several arab countries with various cultures. The Middle East, for several years, was controlled by European nations but through nationalism and nationalists ways they managed to gain their freedom.

__**Borders: Then and Now**__ __**@http://voicethread.com/share/1880720/ **__
 * Respond to the maps shown in the following Voicethread. Please respond with questions, comments, connections you may have. **

First Map: **Ottoman Empire** This map shows the controlled land by the Ottomans in 1900. To me it looks much like the Middle East today but with fewer territories. Obtaining parts of North Africa and todays middle East. I would say the middle east originated from the Ottoman Empire

Second Map: **The Middle East Today** It does not consist parts of Africa in this map. Iran seem to be a major part of the Middle East, also it consists of few large states.

Third Map: **The Middle East In The Future** The map showing the Middle East in the future is very similar to the Middle East today, with one difference, most of the big states the middle east consists of today are broken up into smaller little states. So according to the prediction the middle eastern states will break up into smaller states maybe as a result of war wanting independence. Also there is still so parts of Africa catergorized as "the Middle East" in the future.

Notes pg 661-666 War and Nationalist Movements in the Middle East MI ﻿- Following World War I resistance to European colonization spread to much of the Middle East.


 * Ottoman empire disappeared from history after WWI
 * **Atatuk** was a military leader which prevented Greek colonization in his Turkish homeland.
 * By 1923 an independent Turkish nation had been established.
 * Atatuk launched a series of reforms modeled on Western precedents in the 1920s and 1930s.
 * Reforms included - a new Latin alphabet, women's suffrage, and criticism of the veil.
 * Arab Nations defeated Turkey in wars but now had to dace the victorious Entente powers of Britain and France.
 * Betraying promises to preserve Arab independence, Britain occupied much of the Middle East following WWI.
 * **Hussein** the sheriff of Mecca, used these promises to convince Arabs to support Britain in fight against the Turks.
 * Violation of pledges deeply angered and humiliated Arabs.
 * Nationalist movements grew in the 1920s and 1930s.
 * British promised both Arabs and Jewish **Zionists** same homeland, intensifying the situation.
 * The **Balfour Declaration** promised Jews their homeland in their Middle Eastern origins.
 * Jewish Zionists encouraged migration to Palestine.
 * Arabs felt a double betrayal from both the British and the Jews
 * Hostility grew between Arabs and Jews.
 * Led to Zionist mistrust in British policies, and open resistance to them.
 * Arabs in Palestine could not speak for themselves, they had neighboring Arabs speak for them who mostly spoke in their countries interest and not in Palestine interest.

Notes: pg 727-729 Conflicting Nationalisms: Arabs, Israelis, and the Palestinian Question MI - Even though European influence remained strong, Iraq, Syria, and several other Middle Eastern countries were technically independent.


 * Not until 1970s that governments were strong enough to keep western dominance away from oil fields.
 * Virtually all Arab peoples who were not yet free by the end of WWII were liberated by early 1960s.
 * Palestine presented special problems.
 * Hitler's campaign in Europe for a Jewish genocide created powerful support for the Zionists' insistence that the Jews needed their own homeland.
 * The brutal persecution of the Jews won international sympathy for the Zionists cause.
 * Mostly because leaders of many nation including U.S and U.K did not want Jews fleeing the Nazi to go to their own countries.
 * Hitlers Nazi's = rise in Jews in Palestine
 * Arabs resisted Jewish migration to Palestine which was often showed by riots and assaults on Zionist communities.
 * Led to the increasingly restriction by British on Jews entering the colony.
 * Major Muslim revolt swept Palestine from 1936-1939.
 * **Haganah** was Zionist military force alongside several underground terrorist organizations that fought British restrictions on Jewish migration to Palestine.
 * Zionists wanted Jewish home in Palestine
 * Arabs wanted multi-religion and Palestine with Arab majority ruling.
 * SOLUTION = United Nations granting partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish countries.
 * Soon Arab states and newly created Israel were at war.
 * Zionists were better armed and defended themselves well, even expanded a little at the Arabs expense.
 * Tensions and conflicts occur to this day.


 * Iran ﻿ **



__Leadership Analysis__: **Ruhollah Khomeini**


 * Name of Leader: Ruhollah Khomeini ||
 * Lifespan: 1902-1989 || Title: Leader of Iran ||
 * Country/region: Iran || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Years in Power: 1979-1989 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Constitutional parties allied to the revolutionary movements because they were repressed.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Military people were being neglected.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Strict Islamic legal codes included strict punishments and amputation of limbs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Needed religious education, economic development and land reforms for Khomeini to change. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Emphasis on religious purification and the rejoining of religion and politics.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Mahdi and Khomeini aimed to topple the Western governments.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Wanted to rescue the Islamic faith from the imperialist Westerners.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Wanted to restore what they believed were the true beliefs, traditions, and institutions that was the Islamic civilization.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Khomeini was determined and wanted to defeat Hussein after the Iran-Iraq war.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Wanted to overthrow the Shah.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Wanted a society that was like the "golden days." ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Spread of their revolutions to areas that were Muslim.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Toppling of Western governments during the Iran-Iraq war.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">India developed one of the largest and most sophisticated high-tech sectors in the world.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Wealthy landlords supported the nationalist drives for independence. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Short-Term effects:


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Veiling became obligatory for women and for women of the middle class.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">The reforms of the Shah were suddenly limited due to the ruling of Khomeini. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Long-Term Effects:


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">As support for Western powers increased the position of isolated Iranians became intolerable.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Built a lasting state and social order based on Islamic beliefs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Spread of what he believed in throughout the entire globe. ||