STUDY+GUIDE

Key Terms:

Italian Renaissance- An artistic movement during the 14th and 15th century, challenging medieval intellectual values and styles.

Humanism- A focus on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor.

Northern Renaissance- Focused in France, the Low Countries, Germany, and England, began after 1450 also affected Hungary and Poland. Classical styles in art and architecture.

European Style Family- A late marriage age, and a primary emphasis on nuclear families of parents and children rather than the extended families characteristics of most agricultural civilizations.

Protestantism- Urged state control of the church as an alternative to papal authority, and this had obvious political appeal.

Jesuits- A new religious order, became active in politics, education, and missionary work, regaining some parts of Europe for the church.

Edict of Nantes- 1598,Tolerance of Protestants

Thirty Years War- Germany 1618, German Protestants and allies such as Lutheran Sweeden against the Holy Roman emperor backed by Spain. Devastating War.

Treaty of Westphalia- Agreed to the territorial tolerance concept: Some princely states and cities choose on religion, some another.

Proletariat- People without access to wealth-producing property.

Scientific Revolution- Affected formal intelectual life, it also promoted change in popular outlook.

Absolutism- The king, IS the state.

Enlightenment-Aftermath of the scientific revolution, continued to support scientific advances.

Boyars-Member of the highest class in Russia, second only to the Prince

Cossacks- Russian pioneers, combining agriculture with daring military feats on horseback.

Time of Troubles (Russia)- Was the result of Ivan IV dying without an heir, led to power proclaims by the boyars.

Peter the Great- Russian Tsar, autocrat. Put down revolts with great cruelty, gained the name because of his height. Imitated Western military.

Catherine the Great- took throne after her husbands death Peter the III, renaming herself Catherine the Great. Defended the power of the central monarch put down peasent uprisings, and was also a westernizer.

Pugachev Rebellion- Peasant rebellion led by Emelian, crushed by CTG

Serfdom- Russian peasants.

Encomiendas- American Indian laborers

Hispaniola- A colony on the island of Santo Domingo.

Treaty of Tordesillas- 1494 between Castile and Portugla, which lands could be claimed by who.

Recopilacion- codified the laws into the basis of government into the colonies.

Council of the Indies- Kings rule, issued laws and advised him.

Sociedad de castas- Based on racial origins, White at top, black slaves or NA at the bottom, mixes filled intermidiate categories.

Peninsulares- Those born in Spain

Creoles- Those born in the New World.

Factories- Forts and trading posts with residant merchants.

El Mina- In the heart of the gold-producing region of the forest zone.

Royal African Company- Slaving company set up by the English.

Indies Piece- what healthy men were called in the Spanish's complicated system.

Triangular Trade- Slaves -> Americas, Sugar, tobacco, ect. -> Europe, and European Goods -> Africa.

Asante- Rose to prominence in the period of the slave trade. Dahomey- A new kingdom that developed among the Fon.

Great Trek- Free of government interferences.

Mfecene- Wars of crushing and wandering.

Middle Passage- Slave voyage to the Amricas, tramatic.

Janissaries- Troops mostly of adolescent boys in conquered areas.

Vizier- Overall head of the imperial administration, often held more real power than the sultan.

Ottomans- Muslim Empire (ESPIRIT) Safavid- Muslim Empire (ESPIRIT) Mughals- Muslim Empire (ESPIRIT)

Asian sea trading network- Broken down into 3 main zones, Arab zone, Indian zone, Chinese zone.

Tokugawa Japan- Vessel of Hideyoshi

School of National Learning (Japan)- Teachings of Japans history, confucianism.

Mercantilism- Urged a nation-state not import goods from outside its own empire but sell exports as widely as possible in it own ships. Reflected and encouraged the new world system.