Chapter+22+-+The+Battle+for+National+Reform

H.W: Read + Take Notes pg. 594-601

Theodore Roosevelt


 * Loved by his people - especially reformers.
 * Didn't believe in Republican and Democrats - he was "The peoples" president.
 * Technically he was a Republican, but did several things that were "democratic like" and Republican-like"
 * Depicted as a larger than life character.
 * Secretary of the Navy and commander of the Rough Riders in Spanish American War.
 * Considered a Hero for his actions in the Spanish American War and was known to be a "war-hawk"
 * Accidentally became president after McKinley's assassination from 1901-109
 * Winner of a Noble Peace Prize but was always ready to fight.
 * Became known as a Trust Buster
 * Intervened in Coal Mine Strike, remained "neutral" benefited the strikers.
 * Known for his **"Square Deal"** - fair for everyone
 * Fairness between businesses, workers, and consumers
 * Responsible for the creation of the Panama Canal
 * **"Speak/Walk Softly and carry a Big Stick"**.
 * Preserved natural wonders, against destruction to build new things.
 * Took control of the **"Meat Scandal"** and passed the **Meat Inspection Act & The Pure Food + Drug Act**.
 * founder of the "Bull Moose" party in the election of 1912 - lost to Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)

Taft + Wilson


 * Taft was Roosevelt's trusted lieutenant and his hand picked successor.
 * Less aggressive than Roosevelt for reform, more conservative but still open to reform.
 * Office ended in failure. Could not match people's expectation/keep up with Roosevelt.
 * Reformers loved him at first but being more conservative minded displeased the reformers.
 * Big controversy in 1909 that destroyed his reputation with reformers for good.
 * He replaced Roosevelt's secretary of the interior.
 * Roosevelt returned to politics after a hunting expose in Africa and challenged Taft for presidency.
 * Wilson was a political science professor at Princeton, eventually named president of the college (1902)
 * He then became governor of New Jersey in 1910.
 * Presidential candidate in 1912 with the idea of "New Freedom"
 * Roosevelt believed in controlling and regulating big businesses, Wilson was more radical and believed in the complete destruction of monopolies.
 * Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican votes, Wilson got all the democratic votes and won the election.
 * Wilson finally managed to lower the tariff.
 * Passed the **Federal Reserve Act of 1913**.

New Diplomacy


 * America began to enforce the Monroe Doctrine
 * **Wanted Europe to stay out of the Americas**.
 * Continued with the "speak softly and carry a Big Stick" policy
 * New acquisitions in the Americas
 * Now had several "territories" in which they controlled.
 * Kept the "open Door Policy" in Asia
 * Sent out the **Great White Fleet** to show off American power and naval dominance.
 * Forced the construction of the Panama Canal.
 * Great deal for the U.S terrible for Venezuela and Panama.
 * Passed the **Platt Amendment**
 * America later intervened in Nicaragua.