Chapter+21+-+The+Rise+of+Progressivism

H.W: Read + Take Notes pg. 566-572

The Progressive Impulse

1. **Progressivism**: The belief and practice of trying to improve society.

2. **Progressive Era**: Is the Time Period of improvement, 1885-1920

3. **Progressive Movement**: Was a group action to try to improve society. The people/masses rallying together.

4. **Progressives**: The __PEOPLE__ participating in the movement. Ex - Journalists, Everyday Citizens, Politicians.

__Cycle:__

Industrialization + Urbanization ---> Progress + Problems ---> Muckraking --> Public Outrage + Progressive action + Organized ---> Laws and Services

Progressivism + Muckrakers


 * Believed in the idea of progress. Improvement + growth + advancement was their destiny.
 * The "natural laws" of the market place, laissez faire + Social Darwinism wasn't enough to keep order ans stability.
 * Needed direct human intervention to better society.
 * Some pushed for Anti-Trusts, which was the breaking and divisions of monopolies.
 * Others wanted the Government to play a key role in society, that they could make things fair.
 * The **Muckrakers** were journalists who exposed scandal, corruption, and injustices to public view.
 * They were outraged at social and economic injustices. (similar to the 99% Movement today)
 * Religion and reform were beginning to merge. Example is the salvation army.
 * Jane Addams created a **Hull House**, a home that immigrants could live in and live a better life.
 * **Social Sciences** - The use of scientific techniques in the study of society and its institutions.
 * A New Middle-Class was arising. The Professionals.

H.W: Read + Take Notes pg. 572-589

Women and Reform


 * Women were shifting away from their homes and getting more involved in the public world.
 * Women were becoming more educated, professionals, and playing key roles in society.
 * A lot of women were unmarried at the time, some were with others, known as the **Boston Marriages**
 * Women's clubs spread rapidly and set basis for many future reforms.
 * **GFWC** - General Federation of Women's Club was among the most popular.
 * Many of these clubs excluded A.A women, so they made their own clubs. Like the National Association of Colored Women.
 * Pushed for **Mother's Pension** which were awarded to widows or abandoned women with small children.
 * One of the biggest movements at the time was the push for Women's suffrage.
 * **NAWSA** - National American Women Suffrage Association grew from 13k in 1893 to over 2 million in 1917.
 * Many states had already allowed women's suffrage, and now slowly more and more western states granted women's suffrage.
 * Finally, in **1919 the 19th Amendment was passed**, granting all women the right to vote.

Reform and it's Leaders


 * Leading reformer from Wisconsin was Robert La Follette. Governor set example for other states of what reform should be.
 * In an attempt to decrease party rule, reformers created interest groups.
 * After the **Triangle Shirtwaist Fire** new working regulation were put in place. Labor conditions improved and laws were put in place to prevent such an event from happening again.
 * Reform was highly popular among women, whites, and the middle-class, however A.A seemed to be left out.
 * A spokesperson for A.A was W.E Du Bois who pushed for social equality and the elimination of racism and prejudice.
 * He pushed for reforms in order to increase African American's living standards.
 * The **NAACP** was founded, they were the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
 * Another controversial reform was the temperance movement.
 * This was women, mostly religious, wanting to prohibit alcohol from being sold and consumed.
 * The **WCTU** (Women's Christian Temperance Union) dramatically grew and pushed for **Prohibition**.
 * The **18th Amendment was passed in 1917** which prohibited the sale and consumption of alcohol. (Revoked in 1933)
 * Finally, a labor reform was being pushed in order to better the lives of labor workers.
 * Supporters of this reform became known as **"Wobblies"**
 * Continued push for the breaking of Trusts and Monopolies continues. "Good Trusts" and "Bad Trusts"

Chapter 21: Top Ten Key Terms

1. **19th Amendment (1919):** Granted all citizens the right to vote, regardless of sex. Women could now vote.

2. **Muckrakers:** The people who revealed corruption in the government, usually journalists.

3. **W.E Du Bois:** Leading spokesperson for African American rights and living conditions. Pushed for reforms to help African Americans.

4. **Robert La Follette:** Governor of Wisconsin, model progressive state. BIG progressive supporter.

5. **18th Amendment (1917):** Banned the sale and consumption of alcohol. Prohibition Movement. (Amendment revoked in 1933)

6. **WCTU:** Women's Christian Temperance Union, showed the influence women were obtaining, leaders of prohibition.

7. **Jane Addams:** One of the leading spokesperson for women during the Progressive Era, responsible for Hull House.

8. **Social Sciences:** Study of society and its institutions.

9. **Wobblies:** (IWW) took away the "slave wage" and improved working conditions.

10. **GFCW:** General Federation of Women's Clubs, middle-upper class women. Showed organization and influence over unions.